氯化鈣的多樣化用途:
1.石油鉆(zhan)探:用(yong)作石化脫(tuo)水(shui)液(ye),增加(jia)無固相(xiang)鹽(yan)水(shui)的(de)密度;用(yong)作鉆(zhan)井(jing)工作液(ye),可加(jia)入乳(ru)化鉆(zhan)井(jing)液(ye)的(de)水(shui)相(xiang),抑制粘土(tu)膨(peng)脹。
2.干燥劑:如用于氮氣.氧氣.氫氣.氯化氫.二氧化硫等氣體干燥:顆粒狀無水氯化鈣常作為干燥劑填充干燥管,用氯化鈣干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨藻(或(huo)海草灰)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于純堿生(sheng)產(chan);一些家用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)除濕(shi)器會(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氯(lv)化鈣(gai)吸收(shou)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)水分(fen)(即制成家用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)產(chan)品作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)吸濕(shi)劑(ji)(ji));氯(lv)化鈣(gai)也可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)和(he)有(you)(you)機液(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)劑(ji)(ji)或(huo)脫水劑(ji)(ji):由(you)(you)于氯(lv)化鈣(gai)是(shi)中性的(de)(de)(de)(de),可(ke)以干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)酸性或(huo)堿性氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)和(he)有(you)(you)機液(ye)體(ti),也可(ke)以在實驗(yan)室產(chan)生(sheng)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)等少量(liang)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti).氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi).氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi).氯(lv)化氫(qing).二(er)氧(yang)化硫.二(er)氧(yang)化碳.二(er)氧(yang)化氮(dan)等時干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)這(zhe)些氣(qi)(qi)體(ti),但不能用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)乙醇和(he)氨,因為(wei)(wei)乙醇和(he)氨分(fen)別與氯(lv)化鈣(gai)反應產(chan)生(sheng)醇合物CaCl2·4C2H5OH和(he)氨合物CaCl2·8NH3.無水氯(lv)化鈣(gai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)劑(ji)(ji),特(te)別受海運青睞。由(you)(you)于海上濕(shi)度(du)高(gao),如果運輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)商品濕(shi)度(du)不好,會(hui)造成很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。無水氯(lv)化鈣(gai)已(yi)被用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)吸水劑(ji)(ji)FDA批(pi)準用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于包扎急救,其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)保證傷(shang)口干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)。
3.融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)劑:道路除冰劑和(he)融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)劑采用氯(lv)化(hua)鈣融(rong)(rong)化(hua)散熱、冰點(dian)低(di)的(de)性質:氯(lv)化(hua)鈣可以(yi)降(jiang)低(di)水(shui)的(de)凝(ning)固點(dian),在道路上(shang)鋪設氯(lv)化(hua)鈣水(shui)合(he)物可以(yi)防止冰雪(xue)融(rong)(rong)化(hua),但冰雪(xue)融(rong)(rong)化(hua)后的(de)鹽(yan)水(shui)會(hui)破壞(huai)沿途的(de)土壤(rang)和(he)植被,惡化(hua)道路混凝(ning)土。
4.脫水劑:生產醇.酯.醚和(he)丙烯酸樹脂被(bei)用作脫水劑。
5.制冷(leng)(leng)劑:氯(lv)(lv)化鈣(gai)(gai)水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)是制冷(leng)(leng)機和(he)制冰的(de)重要制冷(leng)(leng)劑:將棒狀干冰分批(pi)加(jia)入(ru)鹽水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong),直至(zhi)系統中(zhong)(zhong)出現冰塊。不同種(zhong)類(lei)和(he)濃度(du)(du)的(de)鹽溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)可以保持(chi)冷(leng)(leng)卻浴的(de)穩定(ding)溫(wen)度(du)(du)不同。氯(lv)(lv)化鈣(gai)(gai)一般用作鹽原料,通過調(diao)節濃度(du)(du)獲得所需的(de)穩定(ding)溫(wen)度(du)(du),不僅因(yin)為氯(lv)(lv)化鈣(gai)(gai)便宜易(yi)得,還因(yin)為氯(lv)(lv)化鈣(gai)(gai)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)共晶溫(wen)度(du)(du)(即溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)凝結(jie)成顆粒狀冰鹽顆粒時的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du))相當低,可以達到(dao)-51.0℃,這使得可調(diao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)范圍(wei)從0開始(shi)℃至(zhi)-51℃。
6.防凍(dong)(dong)劑:能(neng)加速(su)混凝(ning)土硬化,提高建筑砂(sha)漿的耐寒(han)性(xing),是(shi)一(yi)種優良(liang)的建筑防凍(dong)(dong)劑。
7.早強(qiang)劑:建筑行(xing)業(ye)早強(qiang)劑,提高混凝(ning)土強(qiang)度(du),生活涂料凝(ning)固劑
8.除塵劑:用作(zuo)港口(kou)消霧(wu)劑和路(lu)面除塵劑。例(li)如(ru),無水(shui)氯化(hua)鈣(gai)鋪在砂石(shi)路(lu)面上,當空氣濕(shi)度低于露點時,無水(shui)氯化(hua)鈣(gai)的(de)吸濕(shi)性會凝結空氣中(zhong)的(de)水(shui)分,以保持(chi)道路(lu)表面濕(shi)潤,從而控(kong)制道路(lu)上灰(hui)塵的(de)升高。
9.精煉劑:鋁鎂冶金保護劑.精煉劑。
10.助溶(rong)劑:在戴維法電解熔融氯化鈉(na)生產金屬鈉(na)的過程(cheng)中,作為助熔劑可以降低熔點(dian)。